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Pankaj
Oudhia
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Impact of
Globalization on Biodiversity with Special
emphasis on Livelihood of poor and marginalised: A
case study of Raigarh Region, Chhattisgarh,
India.
[Updated document, year
2009]
Pankaj
Oudhia
Abstract
Table of
Contents
Introduction
(A) Impact on
Floral Biodiversity
i. Impact on
Forest
biodiversity
ii. Impact on
Agricultural biodiversity
(B) Impact on
Faunal Biodiversity
i. Impact on
domestic cattle.
ii. Impact on
wild life.
(A) Impact on
Floral Biodiversity
(i) Impact on
forest biodiversity
(ii) Impact on
Agricultural Biodiversity
(B) Impact on
faunal Biodiversity
(i) Impact on
Domestic Cattle
(ii) Impact on
wild life
Suggestions
Acknowledgement
Related
Ecoport Articles
Related
References
Introduction
Chhattisgarh is rich
in bio-diversity. Thousands of medicinal herbs
grow naturally in its natural forest. The state is
rich in both floral and faunal biodiversity. Over
40% area is covered by natural forest. The natives
specially traditional healers have rich
traditional medicinal knowledge about herbs and
insects. In rural and forest regions still the
natives get good health with the help of this
traditional knowledge. Medicinal herbs are
essential part of livelihood of natives especially
of marginalized and poor natives. Forest base economy and life
are helping the natives to earn their livelihood.
Through the collection and use of non-wood forest
produces the natives are living with Mother Nature
in sustainable way. Through non-destructive
harvest of medicinal herbs and other forest
resources they are living with nature since time
immemorial. For NTFP Chhattisgarh is known
worldwide. Unaware of its high demand and end
industrial uses the natives are collecting and
selling it at very low rates and as result
exploitation is common in almost all parts of the
state.
The
natives of Chhattisgarh have given many gifts to
world community. “Tree shade therapy” ,
“Copro-therapy”, use of medicinal soil and
medicinal insect and mite therapy are well known
gifts among it. “Sanjivani” herb that was used to
save the life of Laxmana during Ramayana period,
still grows in natural forest. The traditional
healers having expertise in treatment of different
types of cancer are using “Sanjivani” in treatment
both alone and in combination with other medicinal
herbs. The natives are aware of ‘Short time memory
eraser’ herb Bhoolan and Appetite Suppressant Herb
(ASH) Achyranthes. The natives are having endless
list of traditional herbal dishes and shurbuts
prepared from wild fruits. The traditional healers
are enough confident about the treatment of so
called incurable modern diseases like AIDS, only
through natural life style and use of traditional
dishes and shurbuts. Although traditional healing
is still waiting for recognition and honor from
the modern society but it is having deep root in
rural and forest society. The traditional healers
collect the herbs using their Traditional
Allelopathic Knowledge. They use herbal extracts
and leachate to enrich the medicinal herbs with
medicinal properties. This knowledge is used for
sustainable harvesting of herbs and for saving the
lives of old trees.
Like the natives of
other parts of the world, the natives of Indian
state Chhattisgarh are also aware that ecosystem
is very fragile and human activities are always
potential threat for bio-diversity. They exploit
the forest resources through rotational harvesting
concept but greedy modern society is not having
much understanding of fragile ecosystem.
Unfortunately without under standing the
biodiversity from the forest natives, the experts
of modern society has done a lot to disturb the
natural ecosystem and biodiversity. Modern
development mainly industrialization is although
generating employment opportunities and
sufficifying many needs of modern human society
but it is becoming a curse for natural
biodiversity and it is directly victimizing the
livelihood of poor and marginalized natives.
Much studies have been
done to study the impact of Globalization in form
of different types of pollutions and its impact on
human health and also on plant health to some
extent. Any ecosystem is having numerous
components and all are associated with each other.
Disturbance or elimination of any component may
result in imbalance in whole ecosystem. Even the
introduction of exotic component in form of plant
species, for example, may result in harmful
consequences. The native people facing the problem
of Globalization and eager to resist against it
are not having enough documentary evidences in
form of research and case studies to present their
strong views and comments among the authorities.
In order to fulfill the gap, a research study was
conducted at over 15 villages of Raigarh district
of Indian state Chhattisgarh in December, 2005.
The well known social organization National Center for
Advocacy Studies (NCAS), Pune supported this
research. The title of survey based research work
was “ Impact of Globalization on biodiversity with
special emphasis on livelihood of poor and
marginalized.” Due to globalization the natives of
Raigarh region is facing new problems and
consequences daily. This globalization has
resulted in Industrial development and increased
human activities in biodiversity rich region are
becoming curse for both floral and faunal
biodiversity. In this research work extensive
visits were made in villages to meet and interact
with the villagers specially with forest dwellers
and traditional healers to assess the damage done
by Globalization and to study its future
impact.
Pictures related to this report are
available at.
(A) Impact on
Floral Biodiversity
i. Impact on
Forest
biodiversity
ii. Impact on
Agricultural biodiversity
(B) Impact on
Faunal Biodiversity
i. Impact on
domestic cattle.
ii. Impact on
wild life.
(A) Impact on
Floral Biodiversity
(i) Impact on
forest biodiversity
“Black Dust” from
series of newly established sponge iron plants in
and around Raigarh is becoming real threat for all
types of Biodiversity. Due to this dust natural
forests have turned into “Black Forest”. From trees to
forest floor thick layer of Black Dust is visible
every where. In general, Raigarh forests are
having the dominance of thousands of plant
species. Among tall trees Shorea robusta (Sarai),
Tectona grandis (Sagon), Pterocarpus marsupium
(Beeja), Terminalia alata (Saja), Terminalia
bellirica (Bahera) , T. chebula (Harra), Madhuca
sp. (Mahua), Lannea coromandelica, Garguga
pinnata, Soymida febrifuga (Rohan), Adina
cordifolia (Haldu), Bombax ceiba (Semra) etc. are
common. Among small trees and shrubs Bridelia
squamosa, Cleistanthus, Cassia fistula,
Schleichera oleosa (Kusum), Caryea arborea,
Dillenia pentagyna etc. are common. All these
species hold reputed position as medicinal plant
in different systems of medicine in India.
The natives use these species in their routine
life and traditional healers prepare medicine from
it. Thick layer of Black Dust is resulting in slow
death of all these species. Thick layer is
hindering stomatal activity and reducing the
effective photosynthesis area. The farmer of
Pandripani village Shree Chhedilal Satnami
informed that in few years the yield of Mahua
fruits have decreased up to 50 percent. He is
having 20 trees of Mahua around his home. Since
years these trees were permanent source of income.
Due to poor fruiting, now he is not getting much
returns and according to him, returns are
decreasing every year. At first poor growth and
fruiting were observed and now most of trees are
dieing. Many of these trees are over hundred year
of age. Mahua tree supports of the lives of many
insects as well as birds. Mahua fruits are much
liked by the birds. These fruits are also consumed
by wild bear. The traditional healers of Raigarh
region informed that the elimination of one
species from any forest region means start of
series of serious environmental disasters. Many
Lepidopteron insects feed on Mahua plant parts.
These insects are used as source of medicine as
well as food by the natives. Slow death of Mahua
trees is not limited to Mahua only but it is
having deep impact on lives of species dependent
on it. Mahua tree is directly related with the
livelihood of marginalized and poor people. Its
flowers are used as vegetable and also as the
source of alcohol. Seed oil is used for cooking
and soap –making. Oilcake makes good manure.
Decoction of bark is used in curing bleeding gums
and ulcers Mahua flowers are used in cough and
bronchitis. The use of Mahua Dataun is popular
among the natives. They start their day with this
Dataun. Now thick layer of Black Dust is
preventing them to use this nature’s gift.
In
Chhattisgarh, the names of many villages are based
on the names of herbs. These names clearly
indicate the presence of that particular species
in and around that village. It has been reported
that in the villages having names based on herbs
the natives have rich traditional medicinal
knowledge about that particular herb. During
present study rich population of Mahua trees was
seen around Mahapalli village. The natives told
that in reality it in not Mahapalli, it is
Mahuapalli. Due to Black Dust Mahua trees are
dieing and hundreds of affected trees can be seen
in this area. Shri Shivcharan and Gurucharan
Behera of Loing village were found cutting down
the Mahua tree. They are getting more wood for
nearby market. They were not having much fear of
any legal action. Death of Mahua trees is giving
unwritten permission to some greedy natives to cut
it down. Shri Chhedilal Satnami further informed
that Black Dust is having direct impact on quality
of famous Mahua liquor. The traditional healer of
Khairpur region Shri Gulab Ram Pradhan informed
that his village was having much Khair (Acacia
catechu) trees in past but due to illegal felling
and industrial pollution it is hard to get a
single Khair tree in Khairpur village area these
days.
Village Saraipali was
having rich population of Sal or Sarai (Shorea
robusta) trees. Now it is very hard to locate even
this village situated near industrial zone.
Obviously there is no plant of Sarai in this area.
Like Mahua, Sarai is also well known tree of
religious and medicinal importance in Raigarh
region. All parts of Sarai are used by the
natives. The senior natives of Muda village
informed that without Sal tree it is hard to
imagine even single day with normal life. When we
met them they were burning Sarai leaves to get rid
from cold in mid winter. Sarai is well known tree
in north, east and central India.
An oleoresin called Saldammar (ral, guggal,
laldhuna) obtained on tapping trunk, is used to
caulk boats, in paints, varnishes and as an
incense. It is an ingredient of Havan Samagri
which is burnt in religious ceremonies. It is
having numerous industrial uses also. This tree
serves as host for tasar silkworm and kusumi
strain of lac insect. Sarai trees are in great
danger due to Black Dust. According to the natives
this damage is beyond imagination. It is not
repairable. They have already lost much of forest
wealth and much feared of revenge of Mother nature
in form of disturbed ecosystem and natural
balance.
During the study in
forest, groups of people have been seen cutting
affected trees. The natives of Khairpur village
informed that the workers of sponge iron plants
are needing these wood as fuel source. The natives
are getting very good price for the wood. Although
most of the natives engaged in this act tried to
defend themselves by saying that they are cutting
less important trees like Dhotia but in their lot
we found wood of almost all common species.
Although big trees are in process of slow death
but their presence is providing thick canopy to
agricultural crops. This canopy is acting like
barrier for Black Dust. The Rice fields having
these trees in bunds are less affected due to
Black Dust as compared to open fields. There is a
need to stop this felling in order to protect the
benefits of farmers.
Interactions with the
field workers of Government
Sericulture
Center
revealed that Kosa production has been reduced to
sixty percent due to Black Dust. Insects are not
feeding on upper surface of leaves. They are now
forced to feed at lower surface. Pollution is
becoming curse for both host plant i.e. Koha
(Terminalia arjuna) and silk insects. Similar is
the condition with the thousands of forest insects
that are dependent on slowly dieing forest
trees.
In
Chhattisgarh, seasonal wild herbs are used as
“Bhaji” (Pot herb). Charota, Muscaini, Barra,
Ulla, Maccharia, Karmatta etc. are very popular
among the natives. These species grow as wasteland
and field weeds. By consuming it they save the
investment on cultivated costly vegetables. These
potherbs are cooked by adopting different method.
The consumption of these potherbs are having many
health benefits also. Regular consumption of
Charota Bhaji prevents the attack of rheumatism
and gout. Muscaini bhaji prevents Kidney related
troubles. Thick Black Dust on these wasteland
weeds is preventing the natives to consume it. In
pollution affected areas most of the natives
informed about this problem. Indirectly this
problem is affecting the livelihood of poor and
marginalized .
Wind direction is
playing a crucial role in spreading the Black Dust
in different directions. By observing the Black
and natural forest one can simply get the idea of
wind direction. The natives of Patrapali (East)
village informed that the forest around their
village is having the problem of Black Dust. The
village is less affected by it. We observed good
vegetable farming at this village. Young natives
of this village Shri Ganesh and Satyavrat Nishad
are aware that increasing number of sponge iron
plants will bring the problem of Black Dust to
their door steps also. But they seem helpless. One
side of village Khairpur is affected by Black
Dust. The Rice farmers are facing problem but half
village is free from it. It is “Wind game”. Like
forests the small mountains are also much affected
by Black Dust. Nude slopes clearly tell about the
wind direction. Many mountain heads have become
black due to deposition of Black Dust. The back
side of these mountains are still having thick
population of natural herbs. Around Tipakholi dam
we observed thick vegetation and many valuable
medicinal herbs in good condition.
How
Black Dust monster is causing threat to medicinal
herbs? The answer is with the traditional healers.
During the study the thick layer of Black Dust has
been observed on valuable medicinal herbs like
Patalkumhda, Bhui Aonla, Bramhi, Sanjivani,
Satavari etc. The healers having expertise in
treatment of liver related troubles informed that
they are getting the healthy Bhui Aonla
(Phyllanthus amarus) plants with much difficulty.
Thousands of plants still exist in Raigarh region
but all are covered with Black Dust and not fit
for medicine. Villager Shri Gulab Ram Pradhan of
Khairpur village informed that earlier the
surrounding mountains were rich source of
medicinal plants and the healers from far places
were visiting these mountains for collection of
rare herbs. Now their number has decreased and the
availability of herbs is decreasing. It is not a
good sign. Earlier the natives were using the
mountain herbs to feed their domestic cattle in
order to develop natural resistance against the
common diseases round the year. Now it is becoming
a thing of past. We met a healer coming from
forest at Patarpali (East) village. His white
cloths were turned black due to thick layer of
Black Dust on forest bushes and trees. He showed
us rare Varun tree in his small threshing yard.
According to him , all parts of Varun are having
valuable medicinal properties. It is used to
hasten the process of childbirth and in
complicated gynecological troubles. Varun trees
are very rare in occurrence and due to Black Dust
it is not only loosing its medicinal properties
but also its life. The school teacher of Bhagora
village Shri Sadhu Ram Rathia told with proud that
Raigarh herbs are having enough potential to treat
all human diseases and even the quantum is
sufficient for whole nation but he is much afraid
of dieing medicinal trees due to Black Dust.
Reduction of native
flora is giving space for expansion to the
industries. The exotic weeds like Mukai (Lantana
camara), Gajar Ghas (Parthenium hysterophorus) and
Ayapan (Chromolaena odorata) etc. are spreading at
alarming speed in natural forests. Thick layer is
present on these weeds but lack of natural enemies
and poor competition of native flora are giving
much opportunities to them for fast spread.
Movement of heavy vehicles in forest regions is
helping in spread of allergy causing weed
Parthenium.
Besides terrestrial
flora, aquatic flora is also in great danger.
Black Dust layer can be seen in all ponds and
water sources. This layer is affecting the aquatic
flora. Most of these ponds are becoming grave yard
of aquatic flora like Hydrilla that is food
material for aquatic fauna.
(ii) Impact on
Agricultural Biodiversity
Among marginalized and
poor natives Rice is popular Agricultural crop.
Most of the farmers cultivate Sarna variety of
Rice. It is long duration variety and according to
the farmers at any adverse situation Sarna gives
atleast some returns. Long duration Rice gets long
time exposure to Black Dust. During the study the
problem of Black Dust was observed in all
villages. The farmers informed that Black Dust has
reduced the production drastically. Rice fields
situated near to the industries are much affected
. No body is ready to purchase the paddy with
Black Dust. It is not suitable for human and
cattle consumption. Shri Chheddilal Satnami of
Pandripani
Village
showed us the affected Rice fields and produce.
The fields were covered with thick layer of Black
Dust. Shri Chhedilal Satnami and native of Loing
village Shri Rogu told that the dust is making the
soil impermeable and solid. Although the soil
scientist working at Regional Agricultural
Research Station at Boir Dadar is not much
convinced with the word “Solid” technically but
almost all Rice farmers complained about this
problem. The farmer of Khairpur region Shri Jairam
is growing medicinal and aromatic rice Java Phool.
He is raising it organically. According to him,
the Black Dust is damaging the crop both in terms
of quality and quantity. The rice grains are
loosing its aroma. Senior native of Kotmar village
Shri Gopal Sav is much worried of increasing
pollution and decreasing Rice productions. He
showed us old Hanuman temple established on April
1921 as evidence that Kotmar is very old village.
Now experiencing the health hazards of Black Dust
he is planning to leave the village. His nephew
Shri Vasudev Sav is also feeling helpless in such
situation.
The
vegetable growers of Junwani and Chunchuna
villages are having good economic conditions, Dish
Antenna, motor bikes and advanced colour
television sets can he seen at their home uses.
Facing the heavy insect and disease attack on
vegetable crops now they have to face the problem
of Black Dust. According to them , the dust has
already done much harm to them. As the production
of new industrial units are increasing the problem
is also increasing. Their worries are like Rice
growers.
Senior native of
Bhagora village Shri Manobodh was much worried due
to Black Dust. According to him this dust is not
only damaging the Rice crop but now it is becoming
difficult to consume leafy vegetable. He further
informed that Munga (Moringa oleifera) trees are
dieing at alarming rates in villages. One can find
this multipurpose tree in every house. The natives
consume its fruits and leaves. It is ancient
anti-biotic. It is boon for patients having
gynecological troubles. Shri Monobodh showed us
the damaged Munga Pan (leaves) having thick layer
of Black Dust, unfit for human consumption. All
agricultural crops of Raigarh region are facing
the problem of Black Dust. Shri Anantram of
Jhingaual village showed us the poorly growing
Hirwa, traditional legume, crop. He is having over
90 years of age. He told that if the problem
persists than it will be become impossible to
raise this traditional legume.
Increasing
industrialization is creating other problems also
for the farmers. The cost of land has increased
very high and this high cost is forcing many
farmers to sell it out. The buyers, mostly from
other states and related to industries, are eager
to purchase it. The common farmers are seeming
helpless in this war against industrialization.
They is ready to surrender. Marginalized and poor
farmers are not ready to sell their ancient land.
Their sufferings are endless.
In
nature, there are many insects and spiders that
feeds on agricultural pest and help the farmers in
their war against pest. The Agricultural
researchers educate the farmers to avoid the use
of strong pesticide in order to protect the
friendly insects and spiders. During the study, we
observed that these friendly insects and spiders
are in great danger. White spider webs on rice
bund and wasteland are indicator of natural
framing. Due to Black Dust now these spider webs
have turned dark black and most of webs are devoid
of spiders. Similarly, the lady bird beetle, well
known friendly insects, population is decreasing
at alarming rate. We observed less vigorous and
sick beetles on medicinal weed Blumea lacera.
These beetles feed on the eggs of Chrysolina
beetle on Blumea leaves. Due to Black Dust
Chrysolina beetles are not laying eggs on Blumea
leaves. As result lady bird beetles are not
getting its food. Harmful impact on friendly
insects and spiders means increased pest problem
in agricultural crops.
Due
to Black Dust many plant species are loosing its
natural resistance against diseases and insects.
We observed Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) trees
heavily infested with different types of diseases
and insects.
Gorakhmundi
(Sphaeranthus indicus) is well known weed of
winter crops in {{Raigarh region}e}. According to
the modern science, this plant is an indicator of
good soil. The senior natives are also aware of
this fact. In pollution affected villages we have
not found much population of this weed in crop
fields. In areas having less population due to
wind direction Sphaeranthus is still growing in
fields as well as bunds . It is used as
traditional medicine in this region. It is
considered as boon for the patients having
eosinophilia. Whole herb decoction is used as
medicine. The traditional healers aware of this
use are facing problem in getting fresh herb
specially in pollution affected villages, due to
thick layer of Black Dust on it.
(B) Impact on
faunal Biodiversity
(i) Impact on
Domestic Cattle
Increasing industrial
pollution is affecting the domestic cattle both
directly and indirectly. The farmers of Patrapali
(East) village informed that deposition of Black
Dust on forest vegetation is very high as when
white cattle enter into the forest, it turns
black. Shri Chhedilal Satnami of Pandripani
village showed his cattle having skin trouble due
to deposition of Black Dust on cattle’s skin.
According to him , through the traditional
knowledge he is unable to cure this new veterinary
disease. Now he is planning to invest on modern
treatment.
The
fodder and foliage having thick layer of Black
Dust are not preferred by the cattle but as last
resort they consume it. At Mahapalli and Bhagora
village we observed the feeding of domestic cattle
on dusty Rice straw and wasteland weeds. Is
ingestion of Black Dust causing any harm to cattle
health? In reply to our question the natives
showed us their own black coloured sputum. Black
Dust is accumulating inside the lungs and that is
why the colour of sputum has changed. The natives
of Chunchuna village informed that in postmortem
of their cattle, died due to unknown reasons, they
were told by the doctors that there was much
accumulation of Black Dust in body parts. Although
we have yet not found the official report but many
natives confirmed this incidence. Unfortunately,
not a single organization is monitoring the impact
of Black Dust on human as well as cattle health.
The situation is becoming worse daily.
As
wasteland weeds are covered with Black Dust the
natural fodder availability is decreasing. These
direct and indirect effects are affecting the
cattle diversity to great extent.
(ii) Impact on
wild life
The
natives of Khairpur and Chunchuna villages
informed that they have seen “Black bucks” in
forest. Unfortunately these bucks are not the
endangered “Black bucks”. Their colour has been
changed due to Black Dust. As the skin allergy due
to Black Dust is visible in domestic animals, it
is quite clear that it is also affecting the wild
animals. According to the natives of Kotmar
village, due to increased human activities, the
wild animal population has decreased to great
extent. The natives of Patrapali (East) are having
interesting story. As mentioned earlier, due to
wind direction, their agricultural crops are
relatively less affected by Black Dust but nearby
forests have converted into “Black forest”. The
herbivores and carnivores dependent on these
herbivores, are finding it difficult to get the
green food. This is the reason they are attacking
on agricultural crops having less thick layer of
Black Dust. Shri Gulab Ram Pradhan of Khairpur
village is much afraid of the fate of wild animals
under this horrible situation of industrial
pollution.
When we were traveling
to Raigarh Region, we observed dense forest with
butterflies far from industrial pollution.
Presence of Butterflies is one of the indicators
of forest health. In “Black forests” we found very
less population of these butterflies. It is clear
indication that forest is near its end. Many
species of butterflies frequently sit on the
forest floor and taken moisture and salts from the
soil. Due to thick layer of Black Dust on Soil,
they are unable to get required moisture and salt.
This constraint is leading to the death of these
valuable creatures. After rains , the Black Dust
on foliage wash down and insects get opportunities
to feed on it, although for short time period, but
rains increase the problem of dust accumulation on
soil. This is the reason that after rains dead
butterflies can be seen very commonly every
where.
Suggestions
Although thick layer
of Black Dust and existence of “Black Forest” are visible
through naked eyes every where but it is hard to
believe that no effort to conserve the
Biodiversity is in progress. In this modern era,
when it is considered that common people are aware
of industrial pollution and planners are doing
much effort to conserve the natural resources.
Present study has clearly revealed that war
against pollution is limited to literatures only.
The situation of this region is very serious.
Immediate conservation efforts are required in
order to check further damage to biodiversity. The
concept of “Think Globally and act locally” is
having relevance in this region. The destruction
of natural habitat in any part of the world
affects the whole earth . It is really surprising
that no one is monitoring the impact of
industrialization on biodiversity of Raigarh
region and this is the first technical report
giving the glimpses of serious situation. Our
recommendation are : --
(1)
There is a immediate need to accept the fact that
increasing industrial units have become curse for
biodiversity.
(2)
Detailed surveys and studies are required to
assess. damage done by pollution to natural
resources specially to assess the economy of
damage. At this preliminary stage our assessment
indicates that damage is far costly than the
economic returns gained by few through industrial
development. Unfortunately this is irreversible
process and forest restoration in nature’s way is
not possible.
(3)
Many plant species are having deep impact of Black
Dust. There is a need to list out these species so
that conservation efforts can be started well in
time from these species.
(4)
There is a immediate need to form a team of
experts from different fields like microbiology,
forest, entomology, pathology, Ethnobotany,
biodiversity etc. to monitor the deteriorating
condition. Monitoring must be frequent as well as
transparent. Local people must be a part of this
team. Traditional healers and forest dwellers can
provide vital information .
(5)
The effort of modern planners to restore the
Biodiversity through exotic plant species must be
discouraged. It is making the existing problem
more complicated.
(6)
The scientific information on harms caused by
industrial pollution specially by Black Dust to
biodiversity as mentioned in this report must be
used to aware the common people as well as
authorities so that they can get the clear picture
of Biodiversity destruction and prepare their mind
to oppose it.
Pictures related to this report are
available at.
Acknowledgement
Author is thankful to
Shri Babu Bhai of National Centre for Advocacy
Studies for giving excellent support during this
important study. He is also thankful to Shri
Rajesh Tripathi and Shri Bhanu Tiwari, Local
activists, for their cooperation during the
study.
Related
Ecoport Articles
What we can do for the victims of
Fluorosis?
Degree of effect of 'Black Dust' on
Raigarh plants.
Related
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New comments
added on December 10, 2009
Publication of this
report in different languages created much
awareness but it failed to change the ground
situation. The sponge iron units continued to
spread pollution. I submitted this report to NCAS
and then published it through Ecoport. Now I
realize that it was wrong decision to publish it
through Ecoport as it was not allowing the search
engines to crawl and as result this important
report with hundreds of eye opening pictures
dumped at this less visited database.
After few years same
problem of pollution reached to my doorstep in
Raipur. Whatever
the situation I described in this report is
present in Raipur in more
intense form. While writing this comment when I am
seeing my legs I am finding it black. Black dust
is everywhere. Planners are successful in fooling
common public. When public raise voice release of
black dust is checked for sometime and then
situation becomes as usual.
Further studies of
NCAS resulted in shocking findings. They organized
a workshop in Nagpur and I was
invited but due to my Ethnobotanical surveys I
failed to attend. In this workshop the experts
disclosed the chemical contents of black dust and
its effect on human health. In Chhattisgarh we are
experiencing the bad effects of pollution daily
and it is not wrong to say that it is best place
for research on lethal effects of pollution.
After this visit I
visited many times to Raigarh for herb related
works but every time I observed the deteriorating
situation. This black dust pollution has forced
many Traditional Healers to stop Traditional
Healing. It is big loss to humanity. I observed
decreasing forest cover in the region.
Many people objected
to the title of this report. It was given by the
sponsoring organization. They sponsored many
studies in this line.
Original
Research Document
http://ecoport.org/ep?SearchType=earticleView&earticleId=735&page=-1&checkRequired=Y
How to Cite
This Research Document
Oudhia, P. (2009).
Impact of Globalization on Biodiversity with
Special emphasis on Livelihood of poor and
marginalised: A case study of Raigarh Region,
Chhattisgarh,
India.
[Updated document, year 2009].
http://www.pankajoudhia.com
© Pankaj
Oudhia
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